The Common Lizard, also known as the Viviparous Lizard, is one of the UK’s most widespread and frequently encountered reptile species. Adults typically grow to 10–15cm in total length, including the tail. They are usually brown or grey with darker spots or stripes along the body, although colouration can vary considerably. Males often have brighter markings and may show orange or yellow colouring on the underside during the breeding season.
Common Lizards are found across England, Wales and Scotland, occupying a wide range of habitats including heathland, rough grassland, moorland, woodland edges, coastal dunes, railway embankments and brownfield sites. They favour sunny, open areas with plenty of ground cover for basking and shelter. As cold-blooded reptiles, they rely on external heat sources and can often be seen basking in spring and summer.
Unlike most reptiles, Common Lizards give birth to live young rather than laying eggs, an adaptation that allows them to survive in cooler climates. They feed on a variety of invertebrates, including insects and spiders, and play an important role in maintaining balanced ecosystem.
Action Needed
- Protect and manage heathland, grassland and other open habitats to maintain structural diversity with sunny basking areas and dense cover.
- Create habitat corridors to improve connectivity between populations.
- Implement sensitive land management practices, including appropriate mowing and grazing regimes.
- Encourage habitat creation on brownfield and community sites.
Threats
Habitat loss and fragmentation due to development, agricultural intensification and changes in land management pose significant threats. The loss of heathland and rough grassland is particularly damaging. Poorly timed mowing, overgrazing and frequent disturbance can reduce suitable basking and shelter sites. Climate change may alter habitat suitability, and isolated populations are vulnerable to local extinction.
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