This briefing paper explores how NatureScot can approach the update of the Code of Practice on Deer Management (the ‘Deer Code’) to better protect and restore the natural environment. As Scotland continues to address the urgency of the climate and nature crises, managing deer populations sustainably has become an essential activity. The Deer Code acts as a bridge, translating complex legislation into practical guidance for landowners, land managers, stalkers, and communities.
The research found that while the Deer Code is a vital tool, it is often not used directly by those on the ground. To fix this, the briefing paper suggests learning from familiar codes of practice, using clearer language, and providing further visual aids to show end-users exactly what is expected. A major focus is ensuring that everyone understands the ‘rules of the game’; specifically, when NatureScot will step in to help and when it might need to use legal powers to ensure deer numbers are reduced to protect and restore nature.
The briefing paper emphasises that sustainable deer management is not just about nature recovery; it is connected to rural jobs, local food, and public safety. By treating sustainable deer management as part of a larger interconnected system, the updated Deer Code can help balance the needs of private estates with the public interest. The goal is to move toward a ‘Just Transition’ where sustainable deer management becomes the standard, supported by clear targets and fair processes that reward best practice.